This is a core result of a survey of some 1,300 firms in Germany in winter 2020. More particularly, firms that were positively affected by the corona crisis are optimistic. Also, large firms expect stronger growth of labor demand than small firms. To adjust the labor volume, firms use a wide variety of instruments. Most important is the hiring of new workers with open-ended contracts. The adjustment by variation of individual working time is less important. Firms use more flexible forms of employment like fixed-term contracts or temporary agency work typically as complements, not as a substitution for open-ended-contract work.
Christian Kestermann / Hagen Lesch / Oliver Stettes IW-Trends No. 4 29. December 2022
Works Council Elections 2022: Results of the IW Works Council Election Survey
Works councils receive strong backing from the workforces they represent. Nevertheless, the drop in turnout reported in the IW Works Council Election Survey 2022 suggests that this support is declining.
Christian Kestermann / Hagen Lesch / Oliver Stettes IW
Wido Geis-Thöne IW-Analyse No. 151 11. October 2022
The importance of immigration for the German economy
As a result of demographic change, Germany will become increasingly dependent on immigration to secure its pool of skilled labour and stabilise its economic performance.
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German Economic Institute (IW) 
