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IW-Trends No. 4 23. December 2025 Hagen Lesch Germany´s Changing Industrial Relations: A Comparison with Other OECD Countries

The extent of industrial action in Germany – the number of working days lost due to strikes and lockouts - has increased significantly, albeit from a low base.

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A Comparison with Other OECD Countries
IW-Trends No. 4 23. December 2025 Hagen Lesch

Germany´s Changing Industrial Relations: A Comparison with Other OECD Countries

Hagen Lesch German Economic Institute (IW) German Economic Institute (IW)

The extent of industrial action in Germany – the number of working days lost due to strikes and lockouts - has increased significantly, albeit from a low base.

In the 2000s, an average of five days per 1,000 employees were lost per year, in the 2010s it was seven days, and between 2020 and 2024 ten. In contrast, in the majority of the 25 OECD countries surveyed industrial action is declining. In some countries, there were fewer walkouts, in others the strikers were less numerous or the stop pages shorter. Despite these developments, industrial relations in Germany continue to be among the most stable in the OECD. Since 2020, Finland, Canada, the USA and the United Kingdom have all seen a noticeable increase in lost working days, though whether this indicates a general trend reversal remains to be seen. Conflicts over wealth distribution have intensified as a result of higher inflation, but this effect is likely to decrease as the pressure on prices weakens. However, it is not inconceivable that further disputes will arise as a result of the current transformation processes.
 

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A Comparison with Other OECD Countries
IW-Trends No. 4 23. December 2025 Hagen Lesch

Germany´s Changing Industrial Relations: A Comparison with Other OECD Countries

Hagen Lesch German Economic Institute (IW) German Economic Institute (IW)

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European Minimum Wage Directive and Strengthening Collective Bargaining Coverage
Expertise 25. August 2026 Hagen Lesch / Lennart Eckle / Sandra Vogel

European Minimum Wage Directive and Strengthening Collective Bargaining Coverage

The EU Minimum Wage Directive recommends that EU Member States achieve a collective bargaining coverage of 80 per cent to ensure adequate minimum wages.

Hagen Lesch / Lennart Eckle / Sandra Vogel IW

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IW-Report No. 35 23. July 2026 Christoph Schröder

Collective bargaining coverage and functional income distribution in international comparison

The study examines whether a high level of collective bargaining coverage influences the functional income distribution between companies and employees.

Christoph Schröder IW

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