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IW-Trends No. 2 30. May 2022 Sarah Fluchs / Adriana Neligan / Finn Arnd Wendland Climate Investments: Definitions and Documentation Principles

Achieving climate neutrality requires investment in technologies which protect the climate from global warming and necessitates a process of transformation in all sectors of the economy.

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Definitions and Documentation Principles
IW-Trends No. 2 30. May 2022 Sarah Fluchs / Adriana Neligan / Finn Arnd Wendland

Climate Investments: Definitions and Documentation Principles

Sarah Fluchs / Adriana Neligan / Finn Arnd Wendland German Economic Institute (IW) German Economic Institute (IW)

Achieving climate neutrality requires investment in technologies which protect the climate from global warming and necessitates a process of transformation in all sectors of the economy.

A plethora of national and international studies and statistics have generated a wide range of approaches to defining and quantifying climate investments. Despite this, comprehensive and representative records of such investments are few and far between, and there can be considerable differences between the terminology, documentation principles and methods already developed. These inconsistencies have led to very different assessments of the types and scope of investment necessary to achieve climate goals. Yet clearly identifying climate investments and creating a common basis for data collection is a prerequisite to increase the allocative efficiency and to minimise the costs of protecting the climate in the medium term. This study therefore provides a review of the terminological and data-capturing principles currently applied in documenting climate investments together with a systematic overview of common features and differences in data collection methods. THis analysis shows that the context of the analysis and the perspective from which it is approached have an important influence on terminological and conceptual understanding. Finally, an independent concept of climate investments is developed that can be used to effectively document contributions to climate protection in all economic sectors.

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Download PDF
Definitions and Documentation Principles
IW-Trends No. 2 30. May 2022 Sarah Fluchs / Adriana Neligan / Finn Arnd Wendland

Climate Investments: Definitions and Documentation Principles

Sarah Fluchs / Adriana Neligan / Finn Arnd Wendland German Economic Institute (IW) German Economic Institute (IW)

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Reform of the EU ETS 1 and accompanying instruments: A policy mix for the decarbonisation of industry
Expertise 14. July 2026 Thilo Schaefer et al

Reform of the EU ETS 1 and accompanying instruments

The reforms to the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS 1) for the energy sector, energy-intensive industries, and aviation and maritime transport, due to take place in 2026, must address two key aspects in particular.

Thilo Schaefer et al IW

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Expertise 23. February 2026 Thomas Puls

Compendium 5.7: CO2 Regulation of Road Transport in Europe

With the Compendium CO2 Regulation in Europe, the IW has been providing the interested public with a comprehensive collection of data on the development of CO2 emissions from passenger car traffic in the European Union, as well as on the applicable regulatory framework, since 2015.

Thomas Puls IW

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